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Super Mario Galaxy: Difference between revisions
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===1997–2004: ''Super Mario 128'' and ''Donkey Kong Jungle Beat''=== | ===1997–2004: ''Super Mario 128'' and ''Donkey Kong Jungle Beat''=== | ||
[[File:SM128 Screen.png|thumb|Screenshot of the ''Super Mario 128'' tech demo from SpaceWorld 2000.]] | [[File:SM128 Screen.png|thumb|Screenshot of the ''Super Mario 128'' tech demo from SpaceWorld 2000.]] | ||
''Super Mario Galaxy'' was developed to address the problems with 3D game design established by ''[[Super Mario 64]]''.<ref name=montreal/> That game was one of the first 3D titles ever published and has had a significant foundational influence on how 3D games are made, not just at [[Nintendo]] but throughout the entire industry.<ref name=barton>Barton, Matt | ''Super Mario Galaxy'' was developed to address the problems with 3D game design established by ''[[Super Mario 64]]''.<ref name=montreal/> That game was one of the first 3D titles ever published and has had a significant foundational influence on how 3D games are made, not just at [[Nintendo]] but throughout the entire industry.<ref name=barton>{{cite|author=Barton, Matt|title="Super Mario 64: No Disc, No Problem." ''Vintage Games 2.0: An Insider Look at the Most Influential Games of All Time''|format=2nd ed.|location=United Kingdom|publisher=CRC Press|date=2019}}</ref><ref name=ruben/><ref name=Polygon/><ref>{{cite|author=Bycer, Joshua|title="11.3 The Mario 64 Formula." ''Game Design Deep Dive: Platformers''|location=United States|publisher=CRC Press|date=2019}}</ref><ref name=swink>{{cite|author=Swink, Steve|title=''Game Feel: A Game Designer's Guide to Virtual Sensation''|location=United Kingdom|publisher=CRC Press|date=2008|page=265–68}}</ref> Despite its influence, some members of Nintendo's staff observed that the game caused a divide between potential players that did not exist during the 2D era of video games, with some people feeling that 3D games are too difficult for them to play. [[Yoshiaki Koizumi]], one of the assistant directors on ''Super Mario 64'', believed that this perceived difficulty came from their attempts to keep the player from experiencing depth misperception, getting lost, and feeling motion sickness. The solutions created to mitigate these problems, most significantly camera controls, resulted in systems that were too cumbersome or at least intimidating for players.<ref name=montreal/><ref name=iwata/> | ||
After ''Super Mario 64'' was released, [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] assembled a team within [[Nintendo EAD]] to develop a successor tentatively titled ''[[Super Mario 128]]'' to address this problem.<ref name=pakwatch>[[Leslie Swan|Swan, Leslie]], and Scott Pelland, editors | After ''Super Mario 64'' was released, [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] assembled a team within [[Nintendo EAD]] to develop a successor tentatively titled ''[[Super Mario 128]]'' to address this problem.<ref name=pakwatch>{{cite|author=[[Leslie Swan|Swan, Leslie]], and Scott Pelland, editors|title="Pak Watch E3 Report "The Game Masters." ''[[Nintendo Power]]''|format=99|location=Redmond|publisher=[[Nintendo of America]]|date=Aug. 1997|page=104–05}}</ref><ref name=dunkey>{{cite|author=DidYouKnowGaming|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU1IML3xlp0|title=Super Mario 128 Ft. Dunkey - DidYouKnowGaming|publisher=''YouTube''|date=10 Oct. 2020|accessdate=17 Apr. 2023}}</ref> At {{wp|Nintendo Space World|SpaceWorld 2000}}, it was presented to the public as a {{wp|technology demonstration}} for the [[Nintendo GameCube]]. Directed by Koizumi, the player controlled 128 [[Mario]]s on a saucer-shaped platform that dynamically changed its shape over the course of the demo. This iteration of ''Mario 128'' was never released as a full game, but Miyamoto did extrapolate the idea of having Mario run around "spherical worlds" from the demo.<ref name=GDC2007>[[Shigeru Miyamoto|Miyamoto, Shigeru]] (8 Mar. 2007). ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=En9OXg7lZoE&list=PL861C5A6AE33D385D A Creative Vision]''. San Francisco: Game Developers Conference, Informa. Archived by CARSLOCK. ''YouTube'', 9 May. 2011. Retrieved 17 Apr. 2023.</ref><ref name=gantayat06>{{cite|author=Gantayat, Anoop|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/08/21/miyamoto-opens-the-vault|title=Miyamoto Opens the Vault|publisher=''IGN''|date=21 Aug. 2006|accessdate=17 Apr. 2023}}</ref><ref name=dunkey/> It was believed that this concept would resolve many of the problems with previous 3D games in deemphasizing the need to control the camera and decreasing the likelihood of the player getting lost. When shared with Koizumi, he agreed this had the potential to become a full game, but was technically near-impossible.<ref name=iwata/> | ||
While ''Super Mario 128'' continued development, Nintendo published ''[[Super Mario Sunshine]]'' for the GameCube in 2002. It was the first entry in the ''[[Super Mario (series)|Super Mario]]'' series released since ''Super Mario 64'' and shard many elements with it. However, Miyamoto asserted that ''Super Mario Sunshine'' was unrelated to ''Super Mario 128'' and was best viewed as a continuation of ''Super Mario 64'', not a proper successor that built on the concepts it introduced.<ref name=gantayat02>Gantayat, Anoop | While ''Super Mario 128'' continued development, Nintendo published ''[[Super Mario Sunshine]]'' for the GameCube in 2002. It was the first entry in the ''[[Super Mario (series)|Super Mario]]'' series released since ''Super Mario 64'' and shard many elements with it. However, Miyamoto asserted that ''Super Mario Sunshine'' was unrelated to ''Super Mario 128'' and was best viewed as a continuation of ''Super Mario 64'', not a proper successor that built on the concepts it introduced.<ref name=gantayat02>{{cite|author=Gantayat, Anoop|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/12/10/nintendo-talks-pikmin-2-and-mario-128|title=Nintendo Talks Pikmin 2 and Mario 128|publisher=''IGN''|date=10 Dec. 2002|accessdate=17 Apr. 2023}}</ref><ref name=powersNWR>{{cite|author=Powers, Rick|url=https://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/8097/miyamoto-confirms-two-sequels|title=Miyamoto Confirms Two Sequels|publisher=''Nintendo World Report''|date=10 Dec. 2002|accessdate=17 Apr. 2023}}</ref> ''Super Mario Sunshine'' was the last 3D-related project Koizumi helped develop for several years, having served as one of its co-directors. He regrettably oversaw the integration of a camera system in ''Super Mario Sunshine'' that he felt was even more cumbersome than ''Super Mario 64''{{'}}s and came to the perspective that it was too difficult to produce the "perfect 3D control environment", where the game was both fun to play and not needlessly stressful for the player.<ref name=montreal/><ref name=iwata/> | ||
Koizumi's next project was at the newly-formed branch Nintendo EAD Tokyo where he directed ''[[Donkey Kong Jungle Beat]]'', a 2D action-adventure platformer released in 2004 for the GameCube. The player controlled [[Donkey Kong]] with the [[Nintendo GameCube#DK Bongos|DK Bongos]], a controller with fewer input options than the conventional GameCube controller. The experience of directing ''Jungle Beat'' made Koizumi realize that one could create a robust action game with only a few button inputs required of the player. They had established what Koizumi called "contextual binding", where available player actions change depending on the context, resulting in more diverse ways of play without increasing the number of buttons. Koizumi also observed that an exaggerated presentation delighted bystanders that were not directly playing the game, allowing more people to gain from the experience than just the player. These were concepts he brought to Miyamoto, who was still working on ''Super Mario 128'' as its sole director.<ref name=dunkey/> In 2003, before they had started development on ''Jungle Beat'', a staff member expressed interest in making the next ''Super Mario'' game. The experience of working together as a team for ''Jungle Beat'' made Koizumi realize that this was something they could do. They had the technical skill needed to succeed the struggling ''Super Mario 128'' project and bring Miyamoto's spherical world concept to fruition.<ref name=montreal/><ref name=iwata/> | Koizumi's next project was at the newly-formed branch Nintendo EAD Tokyo where he directed ''[[Donkey Kong Jungle Beat]]'', a 2D action-adventure platformer released in 2004 for the GameCube. The player controlled [[Donkey Kong]] with the [[Nintendo GameCube#DK Bongos|DK Bongos]], a controller with fewer input options than the conventional GameCube controller. The experience of directing ''Jungle Beat'' made Koizumi realize that one could create a robust action game with only a few button inputs required of the player. They had established what Koizumi called "contextual binding", where available player actions change depending on the context, resulting in more diverse ways of play without increasing the number of buttons. Koizumi also observed that an exaggerated presentation delighted bystanders that were not directly playing the game, allowing more people to gain from the experience than just the player. These were concepts he brought to Miyamoto, who was still working on ''Super Mario 128'' as its sole director.<ref name=dunkey/> In 2003, before they had started development on ''Jungle Beat'', a staff member expressed interest in making the next ''Super Mario'' game. The experience of working together as a team for ''Jungle Beat'' made Koizumi realize that this was something they could do. They had the technical skill needed to succeed the struggling ''Super Mario 128'' project and bring Miyamoto's spherical world concept to fruition.<ref name=montreal/><ref name=iwata/> | ||